New York City quietly launched a pilot program last year that allows a school nurse or doctor to dispense free emergency contraceptive pills and birth control pills to girls at 13 public high schools. High schools nationwide have distributed condoms for years, but the New York City program may be one of the first to provide contraceptive pills.

The program, called CATCH, or Connecting Adolescents To Comprehensive Healthcare, is aimed at reducing unplanned teen pregnancy. It began in January 2011, but wasn't publicized until the New York Post reported it over the weekend.

“In any given every year there are about 7,000 pregnancies to girls ages 15 to 17 in New York City, about 90 percent of those are unintended,” said Deborah Kaplan, assistant commissioner at the city health department’s Bureau of Maternal, Infant and Reproductive Health. "We wanted to make sure young people who are sexually active have easy access to contraceptive services and general reproductive health services."

Oral contraceptives, including the morning-after Plan B pill, have been available to students at most of the 40 schools that have school-based health centers for the last one to four years, depending on the school, Kaplan said. The centers, which serve about one-quarter of New York City’s public high school students, provide primary care health services and are run privately by separate institutions like hospitals.

For the first time, with the CATCH program, the Health Department is making the contraceptives available in schools without the private health centers. The program began in January 2011 in five schools, and is now in 13 schools. The schools were chosen because they are in neighborhoods with high teen pregnancy rates or with limited resources for young people to get contraception. City high schools have long provided condoms.

Parents learned of the program through a letter that gave them a chance to opt out, which 1 percent to 2 percent of parents did, she said.

“We’ve had no negative reaction to the CATCH program,” Kaplan said. “We haven’t had one objection. We’ve just had the opt-outs.”

The pilot program offers pregnancy testing, along with the Plan B morning-after emergency contraceptive pill, which helps prevent pregnancy when taken within 72 hours, and traditional birth control pills. To get Plan B, girls must see a nurse, who would obtain a doctor’s order for the drug, Kaplan said. For oral contraceptives, they would need to see a Health Department doctor, Kaplan said.

The Health Department is studying to the program before deciding whether to expand. In the last school year, fewer than 1,200 of the 12,000 girls enrolled in the 13 schools obtained the oral contraceptives. For the 2011-2012 school year, 567 students received Plan B and 580 received birth control pills, Kaplan said. Of the unplanned teen pregnancies in the city, about 64 percent are terminated, the city says.

Dr. Cora Breuner, a member of the American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Adolescence, called the program, “totally new. Totally awesome.”

Teens nationwide aren’t doing a good job using birth control to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases, she said, and most do not have access to contraception at school.

“This is the first time that a school nurse can give both Plan B and oral contraceptives to their students,” Breuner said. “This is great because it improves access to contraception and promotes education on reproductive health.”

Dr. John Santelli, an adolescent medicine specialist and professor at Columbia University who studies contraception use, said the program sends a strong message to sexually active teens about the need for contraception.

“Kids that see that level of support for condoms and contraception are more likely to use it,” he said. “It’s a big deal in the sense that it’s going to help the young woman that comes in, or the young man in the case of condoms, and it’s a strong statement to young people that contraception is important.”

Santelli predicted that the program will be effective, and said it could be replicated elsewhere. “I could see other big cities doing this,” he said. “I hope they do.”

The program is not without critics, though.

Valerie Huber, president of the National Abstinence Education Association, saw the program as an expansion of sex education and said the school system is not providing “meaningful skill building for abstinence education.”

"This new service is kind of, no pun intended, a plan D for what to do if sex education doesn’t work," Huber said. “We think it normalizes teen sex and does nothing to prevent sexually transmitted diseases.”

Kaplan, from the Health Department, noted that 38 percent of teenagers are sexually active, and said the city is committed to keeping them safe.

“We’re proud to play that role in promoting and protecting the health of our young people,” she said.

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Chris Vanek paid attention in middle school sex education classes. When he first had sex at the age of 16, both he and his partner used condoms, even though both were virgins. Vanek, now 26, credits an open attitude about sex and frank talk about protection.

Vanek is a living example of one success story being reported at the 19^th International AIDS Conference in Washington -- an improvement in the number of U.S. high school students who are having risky sex.

CDC data presented on Tuesday show just 47 percent of high school students have ever had sex, down from 54 percent in 1991 and holding steady since about 2001. Much progress has been seen among black students: in 1991, 82 percent of black high school students had started having sex but this plummeted to 60 percent by 2011. Just 15 percent of all students have had more four or more sex partners, down from 19 percent in 1991.

And 60 percent of those who are sexually active used a condom, which can protect against pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases including the human immunodeficiency virus that causes AIDS.

“I knew from a very young age that I was gay. I knew gay men were more at risk from HIV and AIDS than maybe the heterosexual population,” Vanek told NBC News in a telephone interview. “I guess I always just knew that I had to protect myself and the risks of being sexually active.”

Those risks later caught up with Vanek, a road manager and make-up artist for the singer Macy Gray. He learned he was infected with the AIDS virus in 2011 and is now a spokesman for a new Centers for Disease Control and Prevention campaign against HIV stigma. 

“I think I took sex education two or three times,” says Vanek, who grew up in Los Angeles. “It was definitely a topic in school. I even went to a Catholic high school. We would talk about it in religion class. We would talk about it in PE and health. While the schools in California are not the best schools, I definitely think they did a good job of educating me about sex and sexual health and puberty.”

Even Vanek’s conservative blue-collar parents took on the uncomfortable subject, he said. He remembers when he was 13 and learned an older teenaged cousin was pregnant. “They said, ‘Obviously, we would rather you not have sex but we know you are at an age where you are curious. We want you to protect yourself’. And they gave me a package of condoms. It was a really awkward conversation with them.”

The CDC’s Dr. Kevin Fenton says it’s the frank talk about sex that works. “The more comprehensive an education you provide, the better,” Fenton said in an interview. But he noted there is variation across the country, with some school districts choosing abstinence-only education while others offer a full curriculum that includes discussion of lesbian gay and transgender themes as well as how to respect one another in a relationship.

Budget cuts aren’t helping. “Data show that fewer schools provide the comprehensive HIV education needed to ensure that this trajectory continues,” Fenton said. Another barrier: socially conservative movements that reject sex education. Fenton is diplomatic when he is asked about school districts and parents who fear that sex education teaches poor morals.

“Part of what we are committed to doing is to provide evidence,” he said. “We try to make our recommendations on the best available evidence.” Studies show that a comprehensive sex education program can influence sexual behavior more than a limited approach.

It worries Fenton that the numbers of high school students having sex, having unprotected sex, and having multiple partners have leveled off. “The challenge that these data highlight is the need for us to sustain our efforts,” he said.

And CDC and other public health agencies are now looking for better ways to reach young adults after they leave high school. Young, gay men like Vanek are a particular target. Men in his demographic are by far the most likely Americans to become infected with HIV and CDC is acutely aware of the need to keep the momentum going after they leave those middle school sex education classes.

Vanek says he made just one mistake. “I met a guy and we hit it off and we did have sex without a condom,” he said. “We had talked about it. He said he had just been tested, and I had just been tested and we thought we were safe.”

Related links:

The female face of HIV: 'Everyone's at risk'

HIV rates soar in black, gay men

AIDS turns researchers into activists