Does pot really lower IQ? It's not so simple

By Tia Ghose, LiveScience 

Marijuana permanently lowers IQ by several points in adolescents, according to research published in August. But a new study suggests that factors related to economic class and home life, not marijuana use, may have caused that IQ drop.

Researchers who conducted the new study, published today (Jan. 14) in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, did not have access to the original data from a cohort of New Zealand teenagers. Instead, Ole Rogeberg, a labor economist at the Frisch Center in Norway, used a computer simulation to show that, in theory, the same IQ effects could be explained by socioeconomic factors that cause IQ-decreasing behaviors.

The new results are sure to ignite a firestorm of debate over whether marijuana permanently harms the growing brain.

"The kinds of environments you are in do affect your IQ," Rogeberg said. Good education and challenging jobs can boost intelligence, but "if people are pushed out or decide to move out of these kinds of arenas, they will tend to see an IQ decline, and they will also be the type of people who tend to take up cannabis smoking during adolescence."

The original study can't rule out the possibility that other factors could play a role in the link between IQ and marijuana usage, said Susan Tapert, a neuropsychologist at the University of California, San Diego, who was not involved in the study, in an email.

"This was an excellent study – large, and followed the same individuals over time.  Even still, the possibility of some other unmeasured issue to drive this link remains," Tapert wrote.

The initial study, by researchers Madeline Meier, Terrie Moffitt and Avshalom Caspi of Duke University, relied on an unprecedented amount of data from a cohort of 1,037 people from Dunedin, New Zealand, who have been followed for more than three decades. The exhaustive study tracked people from age 7 onward, subjecting them to IQ tests, collecting blood samples, and interviewing parents and teachers at several points along the way.

The team found that marijuana lowered IQ by as much as eight points for heavy, lifelong users who started in adolescence. Marijuana use had no effect if people picked up the habit as adults, suggesting that marijuana was especially harmful for developing brains. [ Adolescent Angst: 10 Facts About the Teen Brain ]

But socioeconomic class and family structure can change IQ over time. For instance, poorer children tend to choose less challenging schools or work, even if they start out with the same IQ as higher-income kids. Economic class may also affect the development of traits like motivation and perseverance that could affect later-life IQ.

Rogeberg created a mathematical model to see if the apparent effect of marijuana on IQ could be explained by socioeconomic factors.

He found they could.

That doesn't mean marijuana is harmless, Rogeberg told LiveScience. Instead, the original researchers should do a more thorough analysis to prove that marijuana, and not other aspects of the pot-smoking lifestyle, cause lower IQ, he said.

That should include testing to see whether cannabis use altered individual people's IQ trajectories from age 7 onward. Research should also look at the cumulative impact of various factors, such as home life or education level, that may negatively impact IQ, to see if this cumulative effect could explain the drop seemingly caused by pot smoking.

"It might be the totality of factors could explain a large part of the effect that they found," Rogeberg said.

In response, the authors of the past scientific paper conducted a new analysis and found that IQ overall remained fairly stable in the Dunedin participants, they said in a statement. They also only included kids from middle-class families, eliminating the effects of socioeconomic status, they said.

But Rogeberg says those steps can't rule out other factors as the cause for lower IQ.

"While interesting, the new analysis is not at all sufficient to address these concerns – but I look forward to seeing a fuller analysis in time," Rogeberg said.

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No kinds of drugs or alcohol are good for growing brains. Kids should not be smoking pot or drinking alcohol. Of course, teens will try both. However, if parents make sure this is not something done often, they will have some chance of not harming their brains at early ages. Also, kids need to learn to deal with their new emotions. If they are drugging themselves, they will not learn what these emotions are or how to deal with them. Not healthy at all.

I have a number of friends who smoked pot all through college and a lot as adults. A number of them, in their early 60's are having severe short term memory loss. It is affecting their ability to work. Two of them are now working pretty "easy" type jobs now as interns at elderly home care hospitals. Let's just say I am happy that I never got into smoking pot or heavy drinking.

    Reply#81 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:35 PM EST

    My grandmother did neither, and has alzheimers AKA no short term memory... hmmm seems that personal experiences don't really count as scientific facts.

    • 2 votes
    #81.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:50 PM EST

    Alzheimer's is not the same as pot induced short term memory loss. You are comparing apples and oranges. Alzheimer's has nothing to do with pot, dumb-dumb.

      #81.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:55 PM EST

      You know, calling people names is a violation of the COH. Apparently you need a brush up.

      • 2 votes
      #81.3 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:22 PM EST

      Short term memory loss in old age has nothing to do with smoking pot earlier in life. My mother (rest her soul) had short term memory loss later in life and never smoked anything, ever.

      • 2 votes
      #81.4 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:29 PM EST

      I know many 60 year olds with serious memory loss from long term pot smoking. I actually volunteer to assist in a hospital and many of them are working there because they cannot handle jobs with a lot of responsibility any longer.

        #81.5 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:45 PM EST

        @APR; At least this lead comment sounded human, until you got into the second paragraph. Hyperbole is not a useful tool to apply when trying to influence others to your way of thinking. BS is opaque (nearly transparent) and not a qualified argument to bring to a debate.

        It goes without saying that young children are negatively impacted by any mind altering substance.Too much emphasis, here, on what's not good for them. They need parents who are dedicated to filling up their lives with reality, not TV, baby talk or old wive's tales.

          #81.6 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 10:54 PM EST

          I know many 60 year olds with serious memory loss from long term pot smoking. I actually volunteer to assist in a hospital and many of them are working there because they cannot handle jobs with a lot of responsibility any longer.

          Your uninformed and unprovable observations are not valid.

          And your excuse for volunteering in a hospital? Volunteer work is lacking in responsibility. And according to you, you never smoked weed.

          • 2 votes
          #81.7 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:40 PM EST
          Reply

          I was going to write something but I forgot what it was.Oh well,I guess i'll finish my hemp sandwich!

            Reply#82 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:37 PM EST

            that sounds really horrible.

              #82.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:50 PM EST

              Bacon Hemp and Tomatoe?

                #82.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:25 PM EST

                Bacon, egg, and tomato with a weed appitizer :)

                  #82.3 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:59 PM EST
                  Reply

                  Too many variables...Can you show me a graff? lol

                  • 1 vote
                  Reply#83 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:44 PM EST

                  I can't find my shoe, oh thats right it's in the oven. Filet of sole. Why are all these pop tarts labels stuck to my face? My 3d glasses are cool to drive with. Headin ta pizza then chicfilet then dunkin donuts trhen white castle even though its a few states away. gotta pick up Harold and Kumar.

                    Reply#84 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:44 PM EST

                    Duhhhhhh , I dunno ... I feel more creative though

                      Reply#85 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:46 PM EST

                      Kids and teenagers shouldn't be smoking weed or drinking. They should be doing homework and athletics all the time. Once they hit college age they are going to party down anyway. Keep em wholesome while they are young.

                        Reply#86 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:48 PM EST

                        You know, athletics on growing bodies are damaging just as much as drugs are. Just sayin.

                        How about Art? or Music.

                        • 1 vote
                        #86.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:51 PM EST

                        Yeah Art and Music are great too. I was just trying to make the point that kids shouldn't be partying. I didn't put alot of thought into it. You make a really good point.

                          #86.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:57 PM EST

                          Mandy, you sound like a kid.

                          Your parents didn't do a very good job. You have no common sense about what drugs do to you and you are definitely not smart. Better take control of what you are doing now. Later years will tell a sad story.

                          No one else cares if you dope up and dumb down. You are the only one who can do anything to care about yourself. Grow up and smarten up or don't! LOL.

                            #86.3 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:59 PM EST

                            Chitown Well that's good. Some people forget about the arts and stuff. I agree though, there are far too many things to keep kids busy besides partying.

                            APR, I'm 24. And making claims about my parents, wow, you know SO MUCH about me! And you seem to know about my control and what I am doing now. Please do tell me about it?

                            • 1 vote
                            #86.4 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:25 PM EST

                            Bet they dont know you have a chainsaw in your apt.

                              #86.5 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:31 PM EST
                              Reply

                              Notice how the studies are done on adolescent development. Adolescents should not have access. Of course they do and always have and always will. However the studies on alcohol and adolescents is far worse. I know of millions of alcohol addicted youths and adults. Many of their lives are in ruins. I have never seen a pot addict and know of no one that has ruined their life by smoking it, other than an arrest record because people are to scared of it to legalize it.

                              • 2 votes
                              Reply#87 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 7:55 PM EST

                              Kids need to stay away from both drugs and alcohol. Why is there any question about that?

                                #87.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:02 PM EST

                                There is no question, here. There is the word "addict", however, which is always bandied about in discussions about marijuana, but alcohol is much more addictive than pot and so is trolling the internet.

                                When doing studies on the effects of psychotropic substances on human beings, there are too many variables to consider from subject to subject in order to arrive at a concise conclusion. "Value judgements" are not a viable indicater of anything. Stupid is stupid, drunk is drunk and stoned is stoned. No correlation can be made thereon.

                                • 1 vote
                                #87.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:13 PM EST
                                Reply

                                it may not lower your I.Q. but I have a 19 year old in the basement that since he began smokin' that stuff you all praise, has gone from an honor student to a college drop out with no job, that sleeps all day.............yeah great stuff

                                • 1 vote
                                Reply#88 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:07 PM EST

                                So sorry to hear that biggdeal! It is so sad to me to hear these people who think it is wonderful to smoke pot. What a waste of human potential - just like alcohol.

                                So very sad that you have experienced this with your child. My hopes to you that this can somehow be turned around before your adult child destroys his/her entire life. I hope you have support around you. How does one accept their beautiful child destroying their life? My heart goes out to you!

                                • 1 vote
                                #88.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:14 PM EST

                                Well, why don't you unlock the basement door and let him out?

                                • 3 votes
                                #88.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:15 PM EST

                                A young life is a terrible thing to waste, of that I am absolutely sure. However, I also believe the fascination with pot, in this case, may be a symptom rather than a cause. Could derision, expressions of disappointment and displays of anger be a contributing factor? How about unreasonable expectations? There can be no recovery without positive reinforcement and encouragement and it's never too late to use those devices and bring someone onto the road to recovery.

                                • 1 vote
                                #88.3 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:28 PM EST

                                it may not lower your I.Q. but I have a 19 year old in the basement that since he began smokin' that stuff you all praise, has gone from an honor student to a college drop out with no job, that sleeps all day.............yeah great stuff

                                I'd suggest you start looking for other causes. Sounds like a strong case for a depressive illness.

                                  #88.4 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:45 PM EST
                                  Reply

                                  Pot's been given a bad rap because it's normally associated with hippies who live a relaxed lifestyle. But, you would be surprised at all the "normal" people who toke that maintain clean homes, hold high profile jobs, etc etc. It's just a relaxer and pain reliever. It's a natural herb. People have been brainwashed against it for years by people who benefit from its ban. LEGALIZE POT!

                                  • 3 votes
                                  Reply#89 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:13 PM EST

                                  Funny. I was kicked out of five different high schools when I was growing up. Then I went to a boarding school because it was the last resort and I started smoking pot. Well I went from an F student being expelled from schools to the class valedictorian with five certificates of achievements. I smoke all through college and made the Dean's List each semester. I have an IQ of 108 and I still smoke it.

                                  • 1 vote
                                  Reply#90 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:16 PM EST

                                  And if we believe that....have you got a deal for us! LOL, LOL, LOL!

                                    #90.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:24 PM EST

                                    Frank, an IQ of 108 and you actually accomplished all that you posted. Man you are one over achieving guy. My hats's off to you. I have an IQ of just 138 and now I am thinking I should try some pot, it did wonders for you maybe I could become some Nobel Prize winner like Obomination a Al Jazera Gore.

                                      #90.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:37 PM EST

                                      Yeah, some pot would probably help you. For one, you would learn the President's real name. Do you realize you witnessed history in the making? The first black President? And, probably next term will be a woman President. You can tell your grandchildren that you lived in a time of big changes and big changes in people's thinking. Most people left the childish bigoted name calling in the 1950's and moved on and you were one of them. But, with your pent up hate, it may take a whole lot of pot to move your forward.

                                      • 4 votes
                                      #90.3 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:48 PM EST

                                      Sarcastic derision and name calling never led to any good.

                                      • 1 vote
                                      #90.4 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:32 PM EST

                                      Why yes Uncle Sam I am one overachieving individual....just ask many of my friends and relatives.

                                        #90.5 - Sun Jan 27, 2013 11:28 AM EST
                                        Reply

                                        Mandy now you need Meangene

                                          Reply#91 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:24 PM EST

                                          I was wondering where the heck he is ;-)

                                            #91.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:26 PM EST

                                            Arizona on Peyote

                                            • 2 votes
                                            #91.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:28 PM EST
                                            Reply

                                            for usa/no party.1st off i see a lot of low iq's.it aint a drug fools...its a herb herb herb herb.....2nd off if them gun nuts NRA.[ AND I DO OWN GUNS ] really cared about rights. were are they when it comes to mind to be able to smoke it.or jessie jackson etc.o yea..smokeing it at home....3rd.off.next time you watch tv about the pills for your sickness.listen to all the side effects.if they dont kill you maybe the guy with the gun will.everything kills you even the goverment will.look at bushs lie war.so just leave people alone.and make it legally period.if you can have beer on tv.to promote drinking.y not smokes.it the same thing.death in a can just as death in a pack..just leave me alone about pot cause i can get it any-where....thks 2012

                                            • 1 vote
                                            Reply#92 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:24 PM EST

                                            Wow. Your post is a great one for gun control and no pot!

                                              #92.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:48 PM EST
                                              Reply

                                              I cant believe Hostess went bust with all the stoners ... damn ... and people are getting FAT, yeah old Kirstie Alley ... getting stoned with Wyonna and the other fatties. Alleys on her WAY UP again!

                                                Reply#93 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:30 PM EST

                                                Ahhhh the days, Burn one with a box of Twinkies and Bag of Cheese Flavored Chips. Ice Cream once in a while.

                                                  #93.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:33 PM EST
                                                  Reply

                                                  A computer model? Is that what is called scientific research now? GIGO

                                                  garbage in - garbage out

                                                  Just the number of variables alone negate this so called experiment.

                                                    Reply#94 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:32 PM EST

                                                    The stereotypes of pot smokers that some in this thread are portraying, mostly comes from movies and comedians. I doubt most could pick the smokers out of a line up. Smoking pot doesnt turn you into Cheech and Chong..

                                                    • 2 votes
                                                    Reply#95 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:45 PM EST

                                                    People like APR are pretty convinced that it does. ;-)

                                                    Gosh, if I believed everything I saw on TV or in the movies, then some rich hot hunk should be knocking on my door any second now...

                                                    • 1 vote
                                                    #95.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:17 PM EST
                                                    Reply

                                                    Does anyone remember a guy named Carl Sagan, the famous astronomer, he admitted to using pot regularly, a genius of sorts. He contributed greatly to our space exploration, a truly intelligent man. Also probably 75% of college students use pot, among other things we wont mention, these same young people go on to be our doctors, lawyers, dentist, you name it. You show me 1 dumb pot user and I'll show you 5 dumb non-users. Legalize, tax, stop the un-winnable war on drugs, the proofs in the pudding, it's been over 40 years now since the war began, where's the grand victory. Talk about a farce.......

                                                    • 4 votes
                                                    Reply#96 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:48 PM EST

                                                    So, imagine what their potential would have been if they didn't use the pot? Trust me, I've been there and seen many who use it while in different universities. Most aren't using it as often as you may think, and the ones who are, well you can tell that they are using it. They seem like they are in a fog all the time.

                                                    • 1 vote
                                                    #96.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:04 PM EST

                                                    You probably shouldn't sterotype. Especially when you are attempting to make a valid point. It is the heuristic used by people who don't like to waste time and energy actually thinking.

                                                    Why was it you attended several different universities?

                                                    • 1 vote
                                                    #96.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:50 PM EST

                                                    Because he's dumb....

                                                      #96.3 - Tue Jan 15, 2013 7:00 PM EST
                                                      Reply

                                                      Exactly what are the other aspects of the pot smoking lifestyle, enhanced stupidity? Say, didn't Obie in his Confessions say that he spent his high school days in a pot and blow induced haze. He guzzled Boone's Farm Apple Wine, too, but won't admit it. The perfect candidate for an Ivy League indoctrination.

                                                        Reply#97 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:50 PM EST

                                                        Pot will dumb down the brain. Take a look at potheads; you can SEE that they are potheads...forgetful, unmotivated, always talking about what they are going to do...

                                                        There will always be exceptions...but they are exceptions.

                                                        • 2 votes
                                                        Reply#98 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:52 PM EST

                                                        Deci, You mean folks like the late Carl Sagan, the world famous astronomer, he used pot regularly, did he fit your profile of a pot user, pull your head out the sand. 99% of Hollywood actors use weed, yet they dress to the hilt, sorry to lay some truth on you.

                                                        • 2 votes
                                                        #98.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:05 PM EST
                                                        Reply

                                                        B.S., everyone one that I know who uses Pot often (daily), have issues with learning, memory, speech, etc. You can see how they became worse over continual use. It's really sad. Now, those who did not use it often, did not have obvious issues. They seem perfectly fine. Basically, it seems like overuse (daily) is the issue. I don't buy the economical spin. All of the people who I know are from families of middle income.

                                                        • 1 vote
                                                        Reply#99 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 8:59 PM EST

                                                        The economic contribution has been well documented through decades of sociological and psychological research. I'll rely on that instead of your anecdotal observations, thank you.

                                                          #99.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:53 PM EST
                                                          Reply

                                                          DOES POT REALLY LOWER IQ? That is not "a" question, rather it is a FACT.

                                                          To smoke POT, you are at the bottom of the IQ ladder, you are simply addicted to a drug and have no respect to send that s h i t t y smell around your piers. I literally mean you have NO RESPECT for future generations.....A POTHEAD HUMAN KIND.

                                                          JUST CHECK IN THE WHITE HOUSE AND TELL ME WHERE WE ARE GOING...FOR REAL.

                                                            Reply#100 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:10 PM EST

                                                            Smoking Pot = Addicted

                                                            Just like... Drinking at all = Alcoholic?

                                                              #100.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:18 PM EST

                                                              That's why we don't have prohibition

                                                              POTHEADs must go thru the same treatment when stopped by a COP than a suspected DUI.

                                                              The surprise the COP will find is that he/she will not be able to find the driver in all that POT SMOKE in the car.

                                                              Smoking POT might be a way to drive INCOGNITO....

                                                              • 1 vote
                                                              #100.2 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:23 PM EST

                                                              hahaha, yea, because the first thing people stoned want to do is get up and go drive somewhere. That's what delivery is for!

                                                              Anyway My comment was that just because you smoke weed does not mean you are addicted to it.

                                                              • 1 vote
                                                              #100.3 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:34 PM EST

                                                              And just because you don't smoke week doesn't mean that you aren't stupid.

                                                              • 2 votes
                                                              #100.4 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 11:54 PM EST
                                                              Reply

                                                              Who knows? But, it makes you live at home till you're 58.

                                                                Reply#101 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:10 PM EST

                                                                I tested a little above retarded in my High School IQ test, I am dyslexic, and scored a 28 on my ACT test the first time after burning a big one! I recommended Pink Floyd “Another Brick In The Wall, Part III” for graduation day! I graduated from college with a B.S. in Computer Information Systems, I work today as a IT specialist.

                                                                Put that in your pipe and smoke it!

                                                                  Reply#102 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:14 PM EST

                                                                  Not one reason for why it is a crime>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>

                                                                    Reply#103 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:18 PM EST

                                                                    When government gets into legislating morality, the result is at least one stupid law. If you have power, don't want people to do something (consume cannabis), can't present a valid argument for not doing something (consume cannabis), you launch a phony propaganda blitz and pass a stupid law. By the time the "Authorities" told us how bad cannabis was, we knew they were full of it.

                                                                    • 1 vote
                                                                    #103.1 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:45 PM EST
                                                                    Reply

                                                                    Boy, did this stoke the fire. It's a good thing a certain percentage of the population is so anti-cannabis otherwise there would surely be shortages and the price would go up. I wonder how many of those opposed use "Reefer Madness" as their source of knowledge. Do non-consumers really think consumers smoke themselves into oblivion every time they consume? Yes, there are ways to reduce stress naturally - come to think of it, cannabis is a plant.

                                                                    • 1 vote
                                                                    Reply#104 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:22 PM EST

                                                                    ***READ THIS AND BELIEVE IT***
                                                                    I understand that I'm online so everything I say will come into question, but I have smoked pot almost every single day since I was in 8th grade. I'm 42 now.

                                                                    I put myself through law school and am very successful in a field other than law now (just didn't want to do law anymore..shrug) and beyond that I will take an IQ Test against ANYONE.

                                                                    My friends and coworkers know my pot "habits" and they randomly find IQ tests and make me take them to try and get me and I score 150 and above....YES, I understand what that means in terms of genius level and also how hard it might be for people to believe and figure I'm full of crap.

                                                                    My intention is not to brag or anything here other than I KNOW that POT did NOT lower my IQ at all (or I guess I might have been the smartest guy in the world before smoking, but that's a long shot...haha!).

                                                                    POT is a demotivator. That's the negative in a nutshell. Kids using it will be demotivated just like adults and it will negatively impact them more than adults and I believe that's why these studies are flawed.

                                                                    I really and truly wish that the govt and the public in general would embrace TESTING and testing with an open mind b/c I believe we are missing out on a lot of the benefits of this particular plant based on preconceived notions of its evil. You can trace the history of marijuana and the true "why's" of why it's illegal and NONE of them are medical. It's about money and WHO was using it when the laws were created. Simple as that.

                                                                    On a side note...I think related....I'm 42, eat what I want, don't exercise and I look late 20's and all of my friends and coworkers joke about "the miracle weed" being the fountain of youth. Maybe I'm just lucky, but it's about the only that I do on a regular basis outside the norm of everyone else. My theory is that stress is the major "ager" for the average person and marijuana makes stress go away (at least after you get past the paranoia that most people experience the first 10-20 times....haha!). I've pummelled my body partying often with no sleep and boozing it up for seriously 20 years and only recently have slowed down b/c I need to grow up and all I hear is, "what's your secret" and I always attribute it to something that must be in the "weed". My nickname is Peter Pan...I'm not kidding!

                                                                    My two cents...

                                                                      Reply#105 - Mon Jan 14, 2013 9:22 PM EST
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