Since the vaccine against chickenpox became available in the United States, the country is seeing a lot less of the disease.
Between 2000 and 2010, the incidence of chickenpox declined nearly 80 percent, from 43 cases per 100,000 people, to nine cases per 100,000 people, according to a new report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The report included information from 31 states.
The biggest declines were seen in children ages 5 to 9, the CDC says.
In 2010, four people died from chickenpox, none of whom had been vaccinated.
The chickenpox vaccine was introduced in 1996, and for 10 years, just one dose of the vaccine was used. In 2006, children were recommended to receive two doses, one between ages 12 and 15 months, and a second between 4 and 6 years old.
The declines in chickenpox cases were greatest after the introduction of this second dose. Between 2000 and 2005, the incidence of chickenpox declined 43 percent, compared with 72 percent between 2006 and 2010.
Further declines in chickenpox are expected as more people get vaccinated with two doses, the CDC said.
To continue monitoring the impact of the two-dose chickenpox vaccine, a strengthened surveillance system and participation from all states is needed, the CDC says.


I can't wait to hear what the anti vax crackpots say about this...
What the article does not address is the rise in shingles in children, since the vax came out, and kids who are fully immunized still contract serious cases of pox. Good ole slanted mainstream media.
Exposure to varicella boosts immunity to herpes-zoster: implications for mass vaccination against chickenpox
Shingles: An Epidemic or Just a Sign of the Times?
Why giving children the chicken pox jab could give YOU shingles
http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704476604576158262168447774.html
Latest HPA modelling reveals chickenpox vaccination would lead to more shingles among elderly despite introduction of shingles vaccination
17 September 2008
But not to worry because the same maker of the chickenpox vaccine also makes the shingles vaccine. Thank you Merck for shingles.
Oh, Robert. I knew I would find you posting in blitzes in this thread. You are so full on yourself and I wonder who pays you to post all that? Or do you have a personal vendetta you feel you need to further whenever a vaccine-related topic comes up?
Do your own research and ask questions of people other than Robert, please.
I post links and facts. Pro mass vaccine ideologists don't like that. They only want mass compliance and loyalty to the vaccine agenda. No matter what vaccine it is.
Serious side effects were rare but included encephalitis, ataxia, erythema multiforme, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, pneumonia, thrombocytopenia, seizures, neuropathy, and herpes zoster.
Yeah, my ex had chicken pox at 16 and almost died, and he had a high fever and seizures FROM the virus. I know others who were seriously sick and had other of those symptoms and more from the virus itself, and I had encephalitis that wasn't related at all to any shot. On and on you go..having fun scaring people?
And how many people get pneumonia from viruses that aren't related to a shot? From bacteria? Plenty...sorry, but once again you succeeded in showing us your agenda and people can go research for themselves and ask those who actually know facts.
Chicken pox deaths before mass vaccination was extremely extremely rare, on the order of being stuck and killed by lightening. Not enough to justify fear mongering for mass vaccination.
1st link
the data is used to parameterise a mathematical model of varicella zoster virus....is expected to cause a major epidemic of herpes-zoster
Mathematical model? Expected? Umm..im not convinced. I'll believe it when I see it.
2nd link
nothing about the vaccine, just shingles. Next
3rd link
No data, just a UK tabloid article. You want to quote the national enquirer next? Nope.
4th link
as you pointed out...no one knows why. They specifically state that the effect of the vaccine is unknown
5th link
Just a report of the mathematical model you already posted. No help there
so out of all that we basically just have a mathematical model. Not good enough, robert
And occured at a lower rate than complications from contracting chicken pox. Unless you suck at math, youre better off getting the shot
Nothing will convince a vaccine injury denialist. Nothing. And I'm not trying to convince YOU.
Chicken pox is a common disease of childhood that rarely ever resulted in death. The mass vaccination of it has caused outbreaks of shingles.
Dr. Eric
You're criticizing scientific literature for using a mathematical model when the CDC uses "mathematical models to estimate how many die from flu. Hypocritical of you. Which is it?
Is this because you are biased and only see science from your pharmaceutical colored glasses?
What type of filter do they give you in med school that teaches you to deny vaccine injury and gloat in vaccine goodness. It's still up for debate if you even graduated from med school.
Mr. Robert,
The simple fact you are ignoring is that the CDC does not rely SOLEY on mathematical models. They actually research the data, and have numbers and not only projections
Its actually not, but requires a modicum of intelligence and knowledge to comprehend
In addition, attacking me does nothing to support your point. Neither does trying to change the subject. In the above, you have done nothing to support your point. That says a lot, actually
Its up for debate if you graduated high school
Yes it is. And it still doesn't change the fact that you use unprofessional behavior unbecoming of a medical doctor. You lack self restraint, objectivity, and critical thinking. This is why it's in question.
And if you did practice medicine, it would be a paternalistic style that abused and ridiculed "your" patients that didn't follow or questioned your consulting advice.
Oh, OK because you say so then! Because restating it makes it so.
40,000 influenza deaths year after year after year with no reductions in spite of fluctuations of vaccine uptake. They also disingenuously lumped pnuemonia deaths in with influenza. They modeled it because they don't know the real numbers or they can drastically manipulate modeled projections. You have no problem with this?
No, not because I say so, but because its true. However, the larger point youre missing is your own hypocrisy. You criticize me for relying on flu vaccine death rates by data modeling (something which ive never claimed by the way) when you yourself post them as your sole primary source for supporting your point.
Secondly, this is classic robert. Diversionary tactics. when you lose one argument you quickly find another completely unrelated topic to shift the attention to
The only person youre fooling with this strategy is yourself
Why don't you answer the question at hand? You have not provided any proof of an increase in herpes zoster rates aside from some modeling of future predictions which can be very unreliable, even in flu vaccine deaths, which I readily concede.
Stop beating around the bush
Yknow robert, we have had many posts back and forth, and in many of them you have taken it to a personal level many times
On more than one occasion you have indirectly accused me of being a fraud (by misrepresenting my credentials) of being a liar (by supposedly posing as another poster for some insane reason--im not banned, i have no reason to have 2 accounts), you have called me a danger to my patients, and an embarrassment to my profession
Im sure you'll come back and say I have given you evidence for each of these claims. Even that nonwithstanding, you have clearly made it personal. Whether or not you believe these things to be true is irrelevant. They are personal attacks not germane to any discussion. Whether I am a janitor or professor has no bearing on the validity of my arguments
Either way, its way too late for you to sit back and point the finger
Im willing to be the bigger person and move past all that. I will pledge from now on to not make ANY personal attacks, overt or implied, against you. I'll even start right now by ignoring the obvious attacks in your earlier posts.
But the second you make anything personal, even implied, deal is off
ok?
Robert
Did you even read what you linked to? You are just posting misinformation and some down right lies.
Well, dsb, he follows any thread about anything vaccine-related and just blasts nonsense and attacks anyone who disagrees with him. I have seen him on more than one thread similar to this one...I bet he's just getting started, and this is the usual way it starts...just wait and see how he posts next.
Could you please be specific instead of possibly being erroneous and misinformed yourself?
i was pretty specific and you had no rebuttal for my comments.
No need. Your comments didn't change the argument.
it did, you just failed to comprehend it. Look at the other people commenting about you..youre a joke
Both my kids got the chickenpox vaccine with no side effects to speak of, and I'm sure this is true for the vast majority of kids who get it.
Robert, don't you know by now that all vaccinations are safe an effective?
"Both my kids got the chickenpox vaccine with no side effects to speak of, and I'm sure this is true for the vast majority of kids who get it."
See? Evanusk's kid are fine. What about those not among the vast majority not harmed?
For most campers, there is little chance of getting killed by a bear attack. Using Evanusk's thought process, this minimal risk heeds no caution. Doesn't matter what forest you're camping in or how you store your food.
Using Dr. Eric's thought process, a camper is so rarely attacked by a bear that you need scientific proof to determine that it has ever happened. When it does happen, the injuries sustained are outweighed by the benefits of camping in forests with bears feeding.
You can't argue with people whom have so little respect for the unfortunate that have been harmed by vaccinations.
Believe me, I used caution. I felt that too many vaccines were being given at once, so I insisted on spacing them out. I am not saying that nobody ever has a reaction to vaccines, but to completely eliminate them because a few people have reactions could bring back a lot of serious diseases, some much worse than chickenpox. To say that I don't respect people is false. I have respect for all people, including the slim minority who have reactions to these things.
biff,
Yeah, its such a drag that im burdened by things like proof, or evidence, or intelligent thought. It must be nice for you not to operate with any of those constraints
Actually, to use your analogy, what you would say if there were reports of a bear attack is to shut down the national park immediately and never speak of it again
You wouldn't send any rangers to investigate, you wouldn't look for any clues of bears like droppings, or tracks, or any evidence whatsoever. You would just close your eyes, shut off your brain, and follow the first inane thought that enters your mind without any consideration of the facts or "scientific proof" as you so eloquently put it
In the meantime, you would direct campers to an area that is SWARMING with bears because you couldn't be bothered to look for "proof" or any facts that the rest of humanity finds so useful
You know what else operates on this planet without concern for facts? Insects. Essentially, you have a lot in common with cockroaches
"Yeah, its such a drag that im burdened by things like proof, or evidence, or intelligent thought."
You're burdened by intelligent thought? LOL, That's the first honest statement you have made. I know it's difficult for you to think and speak intelligently. You're a puppet. Someone else pulls the strings.
ha..you comically misinterpreted that statement..too funny...time to go back to school biff.
any rebuttal of my arguments? Of course not...
"In the meantime, you would direct campers to an area that is SWARMING with bears because you couldn't be bothered to look for "proof" or any facts that the rest of humanity finds so useful"
Sounds like you are talking about the CDC recommending vaccinations and denying any injuries.
"ha..you comically misinterpreted that statement..too funny...time to go back to school biff."
You said you were burdened by intelligent thought. I believe you. Inadvertantly you made an honest statement. It is difficult for you to think and speak intelligently, therefore it is a burden for you to do so.
wrong. I am talking about you telling people not to get vaccinated because of a miniscule chance of an adverse reaction and thus subject themselves to a much larger chance of a complication from a potentially avoidable illness
Wrong again. I suggest some refresher courses in the English language
being "burdened" by intelligent thought does not mean one cannot speak intelligently; it implies that this is a constraint on what one is able to say
In other words, I must use facts and evidence.
So yes, in a way it is more "difficult" for me. I am constantly reading, evaluating publications, and citing sources, while you can just take a dump on your keyboard and call it a post
so if I said, "im burdened by my sad thoughts"--
you would interpret that as meaning its difficult for me to be sad??
Or if I said "im burdened by the disasterous consequences of this plan"
you would interpret that as meaning it is difficult for the plan to be disasterous?
Come on...that makes no sense...
"So yes, in a way it is more "difficult" for me"
I understand. It is more difficult for you to speak intelligently...and it is a burden for you.
I don't find it a burden at all. You are either intelligent on the issue you are talking about, or you are not. The latter would cause you to be burdened with understanding the issue and speaking intelligently about it.
Of course, in your case, a puppet shouldn't be burdened by anything.
If I were an electrician, and understood the proper code that dictated the proper gage wire to be used in a circuit, would I be burdened by this knowledge? No, I would understand this and be able to speak intelligently about it. A puppet electrician wouldn't understand electrical codes, and would be burdened by this lack of knowledge when speaking to other electricians about it.
Don't get upset with me. I didn't tell you that you are burdened by speaking intelligently. You did. I just repeated it, and agree.
so if I said, "im burdened by my sad thoughts"--
you would interpret that as meaning its difficult for me to be sad??
Or if I said "im burdened by the disasterous consequences of this plan"
you would interpret that as meaning it is difficult for the plan to be disasterous?
Come on...that makes no sense...
You said that already.
"being "burdened" by intelligent thought does not mean one cannot speak intelligently; it implies that this is a constraint on what one is able to say"
There is a constraint on intelligent things you can say. I get it. Very limited intelligent dialogue. Is that why you reposted the same gibberish?
I reposted it because either you ignored it or didn't understand it. Now its clear it was the latter. I'll break it down for you
Using your logic, if I made the statement "i am burdened by sad thoughts", your interpretation would be I have difficulty thinking sadly, or I have "very limited sad dialogue"
Clearly, thats not what the sentence means. It means that sad thoughts weigh upon me, and constrain me
Similiarly, when I say "i am burdened by intelligent thought", it does not mean that I have difficulty thinking intelligently, it means that intelligent thought constrains me
Contrast that with yourself, who experiences no such limitations. Thats why I am limited in what I can post (limited to reality that is) while you can write any nonsense that enters in your head
I cannot make it any simpler for you. this is english 101
If you disagree, please state specifically why the logic example I listed is not accurate
You probably would have been better off not saying it in the first place. You make stupid statements, and when they are pointed out, get all upset and defensive.
biff is whipping out the personal attacks
A sure sign he has lost the argument
As always, a pleasure ripping you a new one...
Pot calling the kettle black
Oh my what a professional medical doctor you are. Your regulatory board would be proud ....if you had one, Penquin.
Just curious. Are you still under the impression that AA and DHA are not polyunsaturated fatty acids? Didn't think so. Learn a little about biochemistry and lipid metabolism before you put your foot in your mouth again. Don't pretend to understand things that you do not. That way, you won't be burdened by intelligent thoughts.
when did I say they weren't?
If you put words in my mouth, you can win any argument. Its too bad thats not the way it works
haha...youre a fool. Im done with you. Welcome to the ignore list douchebag
by the way, a parting shot. How embarassing was it for you when your OWN SOURCE directly contradicted what you claimed, and I kept throwing it directly in your face?
Hm?
Have a nice life
Just for the record, you asked for in vivo evidence of LCPUFA oxidation and how it differed from saturated fatty acids. I gave it to you. It cited two sources of LCPUFAs-DHA and AA. Then you questioned where the authors stated that they were in fact LCPUFAs.
Calling me a douchebag does little in disputing your lack of scientific knowledge. Now it's time to runaway to another blog.
I'm still awaiting your response to my question.
How does oxidative modification of critical protein residues such as cysteine, lysine or histadine affect proper protein signaling? Inhibition of s-acylation and de-acylation of these residues via LCPUFA peroxidation isn't important? What about perturbations in ubiquination? What about accumulation of cellular aggregates?
I was just getting started. Feel free to elaborate on these issues.
biff,
i told you before Im not going to continue discussions with you. Not for the least of reasons that you simply don't understand what you are posting.
How do I know? Because its obvious you are copying and pasting phrases you got off the internet. I asked you basic questions about biochemistry that any person who understands the concepts you bring up in the above post could answer in their sleep. Yet you continually ignore them. If you can answer a 5 question quiz correctly, and without the assistance of dr. google (honor system!) I will beg your forgiveness and admit that you know way more about this topic than I do
1. What is a "protein residue"
2. What atoms does a methyl group consist of?
3. Define, in layman's terms, "electronegativity"
4. Whats another common name for the Krebs cycle?
5. Explain, in terms of quantum mechanics, why carbon is the basic building block of organic chemistry? Clue: electron shells
Thats my elaboration on this topic. Feel free to answer those questions ON YOUR OWN (ie, without google)
These questions are childs play to someone who truly understands what you have posted, and may be tough for someone who just copied and pasted without true understanding.
"Thats my elaboration on this topic. Feel free to answer those questions ON YOUR OWN (ie, without google)"
Answering my questions by asking questions is not how one elaborates on the topic.
" I asked you basic questions about biochemistry that any person who understands the concepts you bring up in the above post could answer in their sleep."
So if you understand my questions, answer them. Don't ask different questions instead.
I asked those questions for a reason. They are intimately involved with neuronal dysfunction via oxidative stress. Being that you need proof that DHA and AA are indeed LCPUFAs that oxidize in vivo, I can assume you have no idea why my questions are important.
translation: you can't answer them
"So if you understand my questions, answer them. Don't ask different questions instead."
I'll answer your questions if they are actually your questions. I know you just googled a few phrases though, and pretended you actually understood anything you posted
As I stated, if you are able to pass my little test I will believe that they are, in fact, your questions
1. What is a "protein residue"
I'm pretty sure I brought up the term and used the words lysine, histadine and cysteine. I mentioned oxidative modification to these residues that disrupts protein signaling and in some cases forms adducts.
"2. What atoms does a methyl group consist of?"
One carbon and three hydrogen.
"3. Define, in layman's terms, "electronegativity""
An atom's ability to attract electrons.
"4. Whats another common name for the Krebs cycle?"
Citric acid cycle
"5. Explain, in terms of quantum mechanics, -
Oh, now I should use quantum mechanics talk?
Your turn.
How does oxidative modification of critical protein residues such as cysteine, lysine or histadine affect proper protein signaling? Inhibition of s-acylation and de-acylation of these residues via LCPUFA peroxidation isn't important? What about perturbations in ubiquination? What about accumulation of cellular aggregates?
1. Wrong. It typically means an amino acid in the context you are using it in
2. Correct
3. Partial credit. Thats not really a great answer
4. Correct
5. Yes, anyone with any understanding of biochemistry needs a foundation in quantum mechanics. It provides the rules for the reactions you describe
you got 2.5 out of five correct. Thats only 50%. You fail. Not to mention I suspect you googled the Krebs cycle
Im not going to answer any questions of someone who copies and pastes to make themselves sound smart
If you don't even know what the term "protein residue" means, which is the first part of your post, I cannot believe you understand the rest of it
If you want to have a discussion of topics that you understand, I'll be happy to.
But you have clearly demonstrated a lack of knowledge of basic concepts that are necessary for an intelligent discussion of these topics
the quantum mechanical model of carbon's electron shells is like first week organic chem and first day biochem...
"1. Wrong. It typically means an amino acid in the context you are using it in"
Yeah that can be post translationally modified by oxidation, thereby affecting protein signalling. No, you're right, I understand this but don't know that cysteine is an amino acid.
"3. Partial credit. Thats not really a great answer"
It's not a lenthy answer. You asked for a layman's definition. I gave an appropriate one. Simple and direct as well as accurate.
"you got 2.5 out of five correct. Thats only 50%. You fail. Not to mention I suspect you googled the Krebs cycle"
I answered 4 of 5 questions and was 100% correct. The last question is fairly straight forward, but I realize that you won't answer my questions regardless.
You can't. Yesterday you asked for proof that DHA and AA are in fact LCPUFAs that oxidize in vivo. If you didn't know this, which you didn't, how would you know about oxidative post translational modifications of protein residues? Cmon man, you're talking out of school.
I asked about s-acylation and de-acylation of these amino acids in protein signaling. How substitution with oxidized fatty acids would affect activation and de-activation of protein signaling. How aggregation could occur due to an unfolded protein response and perturbations in ubiquitin tagging.
I guess it's time to call me a douchebag and move on to another blog. I answered your questions. Because I could. Remember that.
Irrelevant to the question. Youre still wrong
Also straight from wikipedia. Lets compare your answer,
An atom's ability to attract electrons.
to wikipedias:
tendency of an atom or a functional group to attract electrons
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronegativity
I don't believe for a second you didn't cheat. Those answers are way too similar. You couldve stated it as the ability of an atom to form an ionic bond; or the ability of an atom fill its electron shell. Both acceptable. But you chose almost the same exact wording as the first hit on google. Too much of a coincidence
You got that first question wrong. I don't know how you can even say you got it right when clear as day in black and white you were wrong. The question wasn't "can you modify protein residues" it was "what is a protein residue?"
Saying it can be modified is a non-sequitor. Its an answer, but not to the question.
Hahaha...sure, whatever makes you feel better biffy.
But if you want, ask me a straightforward question without a lot of jargon, like I did for you. I'll be happy and try and answer it. But Im not a biochemist
And Ive clearly proven neither are you.
You got the first one dead wrong. Thats obvious. Yes, they can be modified post translation. But thats not what I asked
You didn't even understand the last question. That was obvious
And I seriously suspect you googled the other answers, especially the electronegativity as your answer was almost word for word similiar to wikipedia's
So I'll remember you are dishonest and you cheat
youre right, that was out of line and I apologize
"1. What is a "protein residue""
Cysteine, lysine and histadine are protein residues.
The proper question would have been what are cysteine, lysine and histadine.
Then I would have answered amino acids.
You want to be the teacher, answer my questions. Very difficult to do when you are unaware the DHA and AA are LCPUFAs that oxidize in vivo. I would say impossible. But now you know this info because I taught the teacher. Remember asking for proof?
"But if you want, ask me a straightforward question without a lot of jargon, like I did for you. I'll be happy and try and answer it. But Im not a biochemist"
Just trying to appear to be one though. Like appearing to be a cardiologist.
How does a cardiologist not understand lipid metabolism? LCPUFA oxidation?
Were you absent during these classes?
How do you prescribe cholesterol medication without understanding this?
You can't. You're a fraud.
hahaha...im not going to give you something you can google so easily. Plus, why is that a "proper question" and the one you were asked was not? Furthermore, you already ADMITTED you didn't know they were amino acids, so you wouldve missed it anyway!! hahaha
Please quote me EXACTLY where i said they didn't oxidize in vivo. Again, if you want to make up what other people say, why bother coming on here in the first place? Just cut out the middleman and talk to yourself
asking for proof and not knowing are not synonymous. For example I asked jane to provide her study showing elderly don't benefit from statins. Not because i don't believe such a study exists, but because I can then show her that population is self selected to have a lower mortality. anyway, i digress
i'll just ignore this immature comments from you
1. I understand it better than you. I wouldve answered all questions correct on that quiz, including the last one which stumped you completely. And I wouldn't have used google. And even if I thought of cheating off wikipedia, like you, I wouldve have made it so gosh darn blatant. Try changing the wording next time
2. I don't know enough biochemistry to discuss the article you posted. And, as I have shown, neither do you
Hahahahah...coming from somebody who never even TOOK these classes...hahahahah...too funny!
Cause I went to medical school
And youre a douche.
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
"asking for proof and not knowing are not synonymous"
If you knew something was true, would you still ask for proof of it.
Dr. Eric, the Earth is not flat, need proof?
Water boils at 212 degrees F, need proof?
You don't understand lipid metabolism and prescribe statins as a cardiologist. I need proof.
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
how could you be PROVEN WRONG BY YOUR OWN SOURCE?!
Hey Dr. Eric, don't you have some statins to prescribe to patients who don't need them? Isn't it true that your ignorance regarding cholesterol may in fact cause these patients serious harm? I already showed how little you understand about LCPUFAs and their metabolism.
How do you safely manipulate a patients cholesterol levels without a solid understanding of lipid metabolism?
Oh wait, Tell me Dr. Eric, do statins regulate the size of LDL particles?
there are probably some patients I prescribe them to who will not benefit, thats true. Most will, however.
No. If you have proof to the contrary, Id love to see it
Im really not sure how you did that. The only thing was I asked where in the study it talked about unsaturated fatty acids when it mentioned omega 3 fatty acids in the abstract
I read it too quickly and missed that one word. It was buried in the middle of some jargon that neither of us fully understand
Ill admit I don't know by name which fats are saturated and which are unsaturated. but I know all "omega-blank" acids are unsaturated.
If you want to use this as evidence of my "ignorance" I guess you could. If you don't want to believe that I simply skimmed over it thats fine too. Id probably do the same
But at least I admit my mistakes. I proved you wrong with your own source on another thread, a fact you still have yet to acknowledge, although we both know it to be true
Ive published papers on lipid metabolism. I'd love to point them out to you on pubmed, but youd probably say its a different eric, and then go on to badmouth me on every dr review website online. Just not worth it
Thats a very good question. I think they may to a small degree, but by and large, they do not. I also know small dense lipoprotein molecules are more atherogenic. I do not believe large ones are benign, though---the data is pretty ambiguous as of yet though
Interesting question though
"But if you want, ask me a straightforward question without a lot of jargon, like I did for you. I'll be happy and try and answer it. But Im not a biochemist"
Ok then-
1) What is more vulnerable towards oxidation? Saturated fats or unsaturated fats?
2)What is good cholesterol and bad cholesterol? Be careful this is not as easy as it sounds.
3) Why is lowering bad cholesterol important in prevention of disease?
4) What causes cholesterol to result in tissue inflammation and disease?
5) How do statins resolve inflammation and prevent disease?
Not much jargon there. Pretty straight forward questions.
Now I'll wait to hear your answers. Good luck Dr. Eric
1. I would guess saturated fats. You have provided data to the contrary. However, if you call this answer incorrect I'll post data supporting my position. At any rate, don't pretend this is known for certain. One trial involving a couple hundred patients do not make scientific fact. You need more than that
2. HDL is good, LDL is bad. There are many other types of cholesterol, like sdLDL which i think is what you are getting at--thats bad by the way. You can also get information from the type of protein--apoB is bad, while apoA is good--some people will recommend measuring those levels
But the strongest recommendations are for LDL. And all treatment is with statin first anyway (unless trigs are way elevated)
3. Cholesterol has been linked as a causitive factor in atherosclerotic heart disease Particularly, LDL cholesterol. Lowering these levels have been shown to be beneficial in regards to mortality in numerous studies (courage, framingham, jupitor, etc)
4. I think what you are looking for here is oxidation. But the real answer is that no one knows for certain. What is known is macrophages phagacytize cholesterol and change in compisition--these leads to vascular injury an eventual myocardial infarction
There is also a popular theory of the "vulnerable plaque"--that thin cap fibroatheromas are essentially heart attacks waiting to happen. Some unknown trigger causes plaque rupture and heart attack. See the prospect trial
5. Statins are known to be moderate anti-inflammatory agents. Jupitor implied this by choosing patients with an elevated CRP (a measure of systemic inflammation)--these patients when given a statin, even when they had normal cholesterol levels showed a mortality benefit
Many other studies imply an anti-inflammatory effect to statins. They are known to decrease flu symptoms and severity much like other anti-inflammatories (like nsaids) do
Im sure you'll try to find some way to say these answers are wrong. Thats why I tried to include lots of supporting data
When you do, I'll post the studies and you'll have to tell me how those studies are incorrect
Also, as a side note, my quiz questions were more factual. Yours are more theoretical--one could argue either side. No one can argue what a protein residue is, for example
Just a tip--those questions would be thrown out of any test
Supporting data for my answers
1. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10958817
2. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=ldl%20harmful%20framingham
3. Studies already listed
4. Prospect study already listed. Also
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22890211
pay attention to macrophage foam cell creation--thats the process I alluded to above
5. Studies listed. Also http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16779747
"1. I would guess saturated fats. You have provided data to the contrary. However, if you call this answer incorrect I'll post data supporting my position. At any rate, don't pretend this is known for certain. One trial involving a couple hundred patients do not make scientific fact. You need more than that"
Unsaturated fats are much more prone towards oxidation than saturated fats. Infact, the higher the degree of unsaturation, as well as chain length dictate oxidative stability. Saturated fats are provided much more protection from oxidation.
"2. HDL is good, LDL is bad. There are many other types of cholesterol, like sdLDL which i think is what you are getting at--thats bad by the way. You can also get information from the type of protein--apoB is bad, while apoA is good--some people will recommend measuring those levels"
LDL and HDL are proteins, not cholesterol. They transport cholesterol to cells and away from cells, back to the liver to be recycled. So the thought that one is good or bad is absurd. The human body simply does not synthesize and recylcle cholesterol to cause disease. But calling LDL or HDL proteins cholesterol is inaccurate.
Two out of two incorrect.
"3. Cholesterol has been linked as a causitive factor in atherosclerotic heart disease Particularly, LDL cholesterol. Lowering these levels have been shown to be beneficial in regards to mortality in numerous studies (courage, framingham, jupitor, etc)"
Not any more than an aspirin a day. Lowering "LDL" cholesterol, or naturally synthesized cholesterol by statins not only lowers cholesterol but also blocks co-enzyme Q-10 production. Hence blocking the essential energy molecule utilized by the heart. Additionally, cholesterol is essential to maintain cell integrity. Lower cholesterol levels too much and your asking for serious health issues.
"4. I think what you are looking for here is oxidation. But the real answer is that no one knows for certain. What is known is macrophages phagacytize cholesterol and change in compisition--these leads to vascular injury an eventual myocardial infarction"
Cholesterol oxidation results in iflammation which in turn causes tissue destruction and disease. The larger cholesterol particles do what they are supposed to do. The smaller ones can accumulate and eventually oxidize. So statins should target these smaller cholesterol particles and prevent accumulation and oxidation. But statins do nothing to prevent the very cause of cholesterol oxidation and inflammation or disease resulting from it. They do nothing to modulate the size of cholesterol particles. So in essence, they do almost nothing to prevent disease.
"5. Statins are known to be moderate anti-inflammatory agents. Jupitor implied this by choosing patients with an elevated CRP (a measure of systemic inflammation)--these patients when given a statin, even when they had normal cholesterol levels showed a mortality benefit"
Not really. Account for a population now where many individuals have stopped smoking. Jupitor implied? That's the best they could come up with? You forget to mention that statins also suppress immune fuction. Stains fail miserably.
1, Wrong biff. I provided a supporting document for my answer. Either you can't read it, or didn't. Either way, not good enough
2. Give me a break. I tell you to ask questions in layman's terms, no jargon, so you do. but when I answer colloquially, suddenly thats bad. Give me a break
If youre going to be that technical, then your statement:
Is completely wrong. HDL and LDL are LIPOPROTEINS, not proteins. Thats what the L stands for einstein
hahah...im about done. Im not going to have a discussion with someone who gets THEIR OWN QUESTIONS WRONG!!!
HAHAHAHAHAHA!!!!
"hahah...im about done. Im not going to have a discussion with someone who gets THEIR OWN QUESTIONS WRONG!!!"
I believe you called LDL and HDL cholesterol. I said they were proteins that transport cholesterol. So I'm wrong?
I bet you like the discussions where you're always right. You should try to stick to those conversations. I would suggest avoiding discussions on fatty acid oxidation.
I just read those publications. Exactly what I expected. Bunch of garbage. I especially like the study using the control diet that doesn't account for the sources of fats.
Oh, and how statins could prevent an influenza pandemic.
Maybe we should be handing out statins to children and infants instead of giving flu shots. At least there isn't thimerosal in the statins.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16270286
Abstract
The extremely high sensitivity of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) to oxygen is apparently used by nature to induce stepwise appropriate cell responses. It is hypothesized that any alteration in the cell membrane structure induces influx of Ca2+ ions. Ca2+ ions are required to activate degrading enzymes, such as phospholipases and lipoxygenases (LOX) that transform PUFAs bound to membrane phospholipids to lipidhydroperoxides (LOOHs). Enzymatic reduction products of LOOHs seem to serve as ligands of proteins, which induce gene activation to initiate a physiological response. Increasing external impact on cells is connected with deactivation of LOX, liberation of the iron ion in its active center followed by cleavage of LOOH molecules to LO * radicals. LO * radicals induce a second set of responses leading to generation of unsaturated aldehydic phospholipids and unsaturated epoxyhydroxy acids that contribute to induction of apoptosis. Finally peroxyl radicals are generated by attack of LO * radicals on phospholipids. The latter attack nearly all types of cell constituents: Amino- and hydroxyl groups are oxidized to carbonyl functions, sugars and proteins are cleaved, molecules containing double bonds such as unsaturated fatty acids or cholesterol suffer epoxidation. LOOH molecules and iron ions at the cell wall of an injured cell are in tight contact with phospholipids of neighboring cells and transfer to these reactive radicals. Thus, the damaging processes proceed and cause finally necrosis except the chain reaction is stopped by scavengers, such as glutathione. Consequently, PUFAs incorporated into phospholipids of the cell wall are apparently equally important for the fate of a single organism as the DNA in the nucleus for conservation of the species. This review intends to demonstrate the connection of cell alteration reactions with induction of lipid peroxidation (LPO) processes and their relation to inflammatory diseases, especially atherosclerosis and a possible involvement of food. Previously it was deduced that food rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids is atherogenic, while food rich in n-3 PUFAs was recognized to be protective against vascular diseases. These deductions are in contradiction to the fact that saturated fatty acids withstand oxidation while n-3 PUFAs are subjected to LPO like all other PUFAs. Considering the influence of minor food constituents a new theory about atherogenesis and the influence of n-3 PUFAs is represented that might resolve the contradictory results of feeding experiments and chemical experiences. Cholesterol-PUFA esters are minor constituents of mammalian derived food, but main components of low density lipoprotein (LDL). The PUFA part of these esters occasionally suffers oxidation by heating or storage of mammalian derived food. There are indications that these oxidized cholesterol esters are directly incorporated into lipoproteins and transferred via the LDL into endothelial cells where they induce damage and start the sequence of events outlined above. The deduction that consumption of n-3 PUFAs protects against vascular diseases is based on the observation that people living on a fish diet have a low incidence to be affected by vascular diseases. Fish are rich in n-3 PUFAs; thus, it was deduced that the protective properties of a fish diet are due to n-3 PUFAs. Fish, fish oils, and vegetables contain besides n-3 PUFAs as minor constituents furan fatty acids (F-acids). These are radical scavengers and are incorporated after consumption of these nutrients into human phospholipids, leading to the assumption that not n-3 PUFAs, but F-acids are responsible for the beneficial efficiency of a fish diet.
So I asked you to use layman's terms when asking questions. You did, by asking about good cholesterol and bad cholesterol. I answered with a layman's answer--suddenly, you turn around and claim you want a technical answer. Its intentionally confusing biff, and i think you know that
Yes. They are lipoproteins, not just proteins. So yes, you are wrong.
as far as your criticism of my articles, im not going to get into that debate with you. Frankly, "theyre garbage" is not very high level criticism
And again, as I told you before, your quiz questions suck because they are debatable. Theyre not facts; its hypothetical theories and possibilites, with evidence on both sides
Take my questions to you--what is a methyl group--there's only one right answer
Previously it was deduced that food rich in cholesterol and saturated fatty acids is atherogenic, while food rich in n-3 PUFAs was recognized to be protective against vascular diseases. These deductions are in contradiction to the fact that saturated fatty acids withstand oxidation while n-3 PUFAs are subjected to LPO like all other PUFAs.
I told you that saturated fats are more resistant to oxidation. You debate facts that are not open to debate. They are scientific facts.
"So I asked you to use layman's terms when asking questions. You did, by asking about good cholesterol and bad cholesterol. I answered with a layman's answer--suddenly, you turn around and claim you want a technical answer. Its intentionally confusing biff, and i think you know that"
Yeah, and you asked me to answer your questions in layman's terms, then jump all over me when I did. How does it feel?
"Cholesterol-PUFA esters are minor constituents of mammalian derived food, but main components of low density lipoprotein (LDL). The PUFA part of these esters occasionally suffers oxidation by heating or storage of mammalian derived food. There are indications that these oxidized cholesterol esters are directly incorporated into lipoproteins and transferred via the LDL into endothelial cells where they induce damage and start the sequence of events outlined above."
The polyunsaturated part of these esters, not the saturated part. That's because they are much more vulnerable towards oxidation than saturated fats.
So how would reducing natural cholesterol synthesis via statins prevent PUFA oxidation? It wouldn't.
If you were to decrease saturated fat levels in a cell membrane, which actually confers protection and resists oxidation, and increase unsaturation, which is very vulnerable towards oxidation, you would actually be promoting cholesterol oxidation.
Do you need more proof? Cmon Dr. Eric, you're the one prescribing statins. You should know this information. Oh, that's right, you're not a biochemist of lipid metabolism expert.
Dammit Jim, I'm a cardiologist not lipid expert!
Im sorry, thats just not true. Define "scientific fact"
You didn't answer correctly in layman's terms. You answered incorrectly. Thats a big difference. And again, the one I gave partial credit for I strongly suspect you copied from wikipedia. If i didn't suspect this, you probably were completely right on that one
haha...thats pretty funny actually. I can't argue with it either.
"Im sorry, thats just not true. Define "scientific fact"
These deductions are in contradiction to the fact that saturated fatty acids withstand oxidation while n-3 PUFAs are subjected to LPO like all other PUFAs.
Sounds like a well known fact to me.
Please explain Dr. Eric. Why would saturated fats be just as vulnerable towards oxidation in comparison to PUFAs? Use your garbage study if need be.
I think we need to contact the authors of the study I posted. They stated something as a fact that you have determined as false. That's impressive for someone whom isn't a lipid metabolism expert. You can also tell them that LCPUFAs don't oxidize in vivo. Oh wait, don't forget to mention that DHA and AA aren't long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Let's assume that you are right and the rest of the scientific community is wrong. How do saturated fats oxidize just as easily as polyunsaturated fats?
"Regarding the "oxidizing problems," you are probably referring to the process of peroxidation, which is a type of oxidation that creates unstable moleculres, some of which can cause problems in the body. The fats most likely to peroxidize are polyunsaturated oils, especially when they are heated or processed. Saturated fats are very stable and don't develop these breakdown products even when heated to very high temperatures. Saturated fats are used in the body by muscles for the purpose of providing energy. In the muscles, they oxidize appropriately in a carefully controlled process. Oxidation is a double edged sword because you want things to be appropriately oxidized so you can get energy out of them. The different tissues, such as the muscles, use fats, especially regular saturated fats, because they don't peroxidize. It is a possibility that some carbohydrates would make unsaturated fats peroxidize more readily--that is one of many reasons not to use an excess of polyunsaturated oils."
Dr. Eric, show me a study that concludes that saturated fats oxidize as easily as polyunsaturated fats. Then I'll show you my uterus.
Sounds like a well known fact to me.
Its actually the author's OPINION. the author of the paper I cited had a different opinion.
feel free. You don't need my permission obviously
You are misquoting me as usual. I never said it was false. I said it wasn't proven as fact. Huge difference
my paper showed that the "rest of the scientific" community does not agree. How does one, or even 10 papers equal "the scientific community???"
i already did and no thanks
I'll tell you what. Put a piece of haddock and a piece of beef on your counter. Then tell me which one goes rancid first. Better yet, when the fish spoils quicker, cook it and eat it.
so if you ever, ever wonder why I don't think you know what you are talking about, this post is a perfect example.
It is so idiotic, and demonstrates a complete lack of the most fundamental basic understanding of biology and biochemistry that I honestly doubt a competent high school student would say something like this
Its really laughable. I honestly laughed out loud for a good minute at this comment. Lets examine all the problems with it
1. This is not clinically relevant:
I think this pretty obvious. Even if differential oxidation could explain what you propose, which it doesn't by the way, it occurs in a manner completely different from inside the body. Your cells make use of specialized enzymes which catalyze reactions to occur in a particular way to generate ATP. Nothing remotely similiar occurs in the environment. Its like saying a match and a flamethrower will burn something at the same rate--they both use fire, right? Come on..
but the next point is the most important, so i'll bold it so you don't miss it---
2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!
My niece learned this in kindergarten. Food spoils from bacterial action, not spontaneous oxidation. Come on biff, this is really elementary school level
Fish spoils faster because it is much more hospitable to bacterial growth. It contains more water and less salt--a bacteria friendly environment
As proof, just salt and/or dry the fish--it will last weeks to months unrefridgerated.
Now you might backpedal and say "well, i meant oxidation by bacteria". While that has little or nothing to do with the fat composition of the meat, and much more with the salt/water content, the idea of comparing a human cell to bacterial is idiotic
the differences in fatty acid metabolism between a human cell and prokaryote are numerous.
this is why I doubt you know what electronegativity is. This is why I doubt you understand the high level material you copy and paste
Because you have just ridiculous posts like this
While I eat it, why don't you take a shortcut and just shove it up your a$$
"2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!"
I see. Oh, so now micoorganisms only cause food spoilage. You're stepping in it again. I told you to stop talking about things you don't understand.
Let me see. So DHA and AA are not polyunsaturated fatty acids. They do not oxidize in vivo. They are oxidized at the same rate as saturated fatty acids.
And now, polyunsaturated fatty acids will not cause food spoilage unless it is due to microorganisms.
Uh,huh. I'm sure Jane would beg to differ. But then she's knowledgable about these topics.
"so if you ever, ever wonder why I don't think you know what you are talking about, this post is a perfect example."
"It is so idiotic, and demonstrates a complete lack of the most fundamental basic understanding of biology and biochemistry that I honestly doubt a competent high school student would say something like this"
"Its really laughable. I honestly laughed out loud for a good minute at this comment. Lets examine all the problems with it"
"2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!"
Still funny? Hey Dr. Eric, google auto-oxidation of LCPUFAs. When you stop laughing and realize that the above statement is 100% wrong, you can resort to calling me a d#######g. Maybe you can give me another pop quiz.
wow, just wow.
I didn't know there was anyone on the planet who didn't know bacteria cause food to spoil. This really blows my mind
We need to agree on a way to settle this. Seriously. I want to see how you react to be proven wrong for the second time (the first being by your own source)
For the record:
You claim food spoilage is primarily due to auto-oxidation of fatty acids unrelated to microbial activity
My claim: spoilage is primarily mediated by bacteria.
Do I have our claims right? I want to make sure you don't try to wriggle out of this
"I didn't know there was anyone on the planet who didn't know bacteria cause food to spoil. This really blows my mind"
Where did I state food wasn't spoiled by bacteria? Creating a strawman argument now? It figures.
We need to agree on a way to settle this. Seriously. I want to see how you react to be proven wrong for the second time (the first being by your own source)
"For the record:
You claim food spoilage is primarily due to oxidation of fatty acids unrelated to microbial activity"
Strawman argument. I said a piece of Haddock would spoil quicker than a piece of beef. Haddock, a cold water fish high in LCPUFAs, would spoil quicker due to autoxidation of the LCPUFAs. Never stated all food spoilage is primarily due to this or that microbial activity is unrelated. Strawman argument.
"My claim: spoilage is primarily mediated by bacteria."
That wasn't your claim. Here is your claim-
"2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!"
Then you seriously laughed. I don't remember you using the term "primarily" at all. You just went from a strawman argument to outright lying.
"Do I have our claims right? I want to make sure you don't try to wriggle out of this"
No, you made up claims for me, changed your claims and started a strawman argument.
Let's compare your first claim with your modified second claim-
"2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!"
Then you realize that you didn't know what you were talking about and changed this statement to-
"My claim: spoilage is primarily mediated by bacteria."
Do I have our claims right? I want to make sure you don't try to wriggle out of this
"Autoxidation in food"
"It well known that fats become rancid, even when kept at low temperatures. This is especially true for polyunsaturated fats["
"Autoxidation is a process of enormous economic impact, since all foods, plastics, gasolines, oils, rubber, and other materials that must be exposed to air undergo continuous destructive reactions of this type. All plastics and rubber and most processed foods contain antioxidants to protect them against the attack of oxygen."
Where does it state that autoxidation does not cause food to spoil, go rancid? Let's look at autoxidation in foods-
Antioxidants are often added to fat-containing foods to delay the onset or slow the development of rancidity due to oxidation. Natural antioxidants include polyphenols (for instance flavonoids), ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and tocopherols (vitamin E). Synthetic antioxidants include butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), TBHQ, propyl gallate and ethoxyquin. The natural antioxidants tend to be short-lived[citation needed], so synthetic antioxidants are used when a longer shelf-life is preferred. The effectiveness of water-soluble antioxidants is limited in preventing direct oxidation within fats, but is valuable in intercepting free radicals that travel through the aqueous parts of foods. A combination of water-soluble and fat-soluble antioxidants is ideal, usually in the ratio of fat to water.
Should we call the USDA and let them know that addition of antioxidants to foods is stupid? Dr.Eric says that the only thing that causes food to go rancid is microorganisms. Another stellar breakthrough Dr. Eric. You're surely on your way to a nobel prize with all your new discoveries.
rancid doesn't equal spoiled genius
not only that, my claim says that spoilage is PRIMARILY mediated by bacteria, which goes unrefuted
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_spoilage
I warned you. When you talk about things you don't understand, you'll step in it. Are you still laughing or wishing you never made this comment?-
"2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!"
I guess oxidation does cause food spoilage.
"rancid doesn't equal spoiled genius"
You're not helping your argument. You can always just call me a d$$$$$$$g.
http://www.icomst2009.dk/fileadmin/documents/ICOMST_PS8_Final.pdf
The predominant reason for meat spoilage is microbial activity.
Game, set, match. Better luck next time biffy
"The predominant reason for meat spoilage is microbial activity."
Yeah, in beef. What about fish and shellfish?
Which one is it? Autoxidation does or does not cause food to spoil? First you state it can't happen, then it's secondary.
Like I said, autoxidation of LCPUFAs causes food to spoil. I keep teaching you things and you are ungrateful. Just be happy that you learned something today. You're welcome.
backpedalling already biff? Not so fast--i cemented our arguments in black and white
But this destroys your example. the whole point of your exercise was to say that fish spoiled quicker due to a higher concentration of unsat fats....but if you agree beef spoils from micororganisms, your example makes no sense
Never said it can't happen. But it causes rancidity, not spoilage. Technically different, but important.
I have now proved you dead wrong twice. I can make it more if you like. You can take your welcome and stick it where the fish went
"Never said it can't happen."
"2. OXIDATION DOESN'T CAUSE FOOD SPOILAGE--MICROORGANISMS DO!!!"
"Never said it can't happen. But it causes rancidity, not spoilage. Technically different, but important."
Food expert now? Didn't understand that DHA and AA were LCPUFAs or they could autoxidize in food. But now you are an expert in this area of science. So I guess fish can't spoil because of their high content of LCPUFAs. This is due only to microorganisms. Gotcha, thanks Dr. Eric.
,hahahahhahah..
keep having to go back in time? Youre not escaping this example biff...hahah..i honestly knew you were dumb, but I didn't think you were THIS stupid!!!
How about providing ONE SHRED OF EVIDENCE of you claim that differential oxidation is responsible for the relative shelf lives of beef and fish? Just a shred...
No, i don't have the names of fatty acids memorized and which ones are unsaturated vs saturated. But either do you without Dr. Google
You don't even know what makes food spoil!!! you think fish spoiling is due to oxidation!!!! Ha!
P.S. I proved you wrong with your own source